For my current job as a PhD researcher, it is pretty competitive as there are a limited number of funded PhDs in every field. Our department recently had interviews for the next round of PhD students, over 100 people applied & roughly 30 people were given interviews for around 5 funded places.
Yes, it can be very competitive within a specific field. One of the good things about being a scientist though, is that you learn lots of different skills which can be used in all kinds of jobs. Sometimes when your current job comes to an end, you might apply for something entirely different because you have these transferrable skills.
It’s quite difficult to get a position a PhD like mine but definitely not impossible and a bit of luck is involved, sometimes you are just in the right place at the right time. With an engineering degree in general I think there are plenty of positions in a whole range of industries.
It can be pretty competitive, PhD’s often have a lot of applicants, and even once you have completed it, you’re still up against many talented scientists for roles in academia (post-docs) or in industry.
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